ASP.Net

ASP.NET Identity 2.0: Implementing Group-Based Permissions Management

Image by Thomas Hawk  |  Some Rights Reserved

Earlier this year we looked at Implementing Group-Based Permissions Management using the ASP.NET Identity 1.0 framework. The objective of that project was to gain a little more granular control of application authorization, by treating the now-familiar Identity Role as more of a “permission” which could be granted to members of a group.

With the release of Identity 2.0 in March 2014 came some breaking changes, and a significant expansion of features and complexity. Identity 2.0 is now a full-grown authorization and authentication system for ASP.NET. However, the added features came at a price. There is a lot to get your mind around to start using Identity 2.0 effectively.

In previous articles, we have covered some of the basics:

The code we used to implement Group-based permissions under Identity 1.0 breaks in moving to Identity 2.0. Simply too much has changed between the two versions to make a clean, easy upgrade. In this article, we will revisit the Group-Based Permission idea, and implement the concept under the Identity 2.0 framework.

A Quick Review

Under the familiar ASP.NET Identity structure, Users are assigned one or more Roles. Traditionally, access to certain application functionality is governed, through the use of the [Authorize] attribute, by restricting access to certain controllers or controller methods to members of certain roles. This is effective as far as it goes, but does not lend itself to efficient management of more granular access permissions.

The Group-Based Permissions project attempts to find a middle ground between the complexities of a full-blown, Claims-based authorization scheme, and the simplicity (and limitations) of the authorization offered by Identity out of the box. Here, we will implement another familiar idea – Users are assigned to one or more Groups. Groups are granted set of permissions corresponding to the various authorizations required by group members to perform their function.

I discussed the overall concept, and security concerns in the previous article, so I won’t rehash all that here. For reference, the following topics might be worth a quick visit:

In this article, we will implement a similar structure using Identity 2.0.

Getting Started – Clone a Handy Project Template

We’re going to start with a handy, ready-to-customize project template based on the Identity Samples project created by the Identity team. I’ve used what we’ve learned in the past few posts to create a ready to extend project which can be cloned from my Github account (and hopefully soon, from Nuget!).

Or, Clone the Finished Source for this Project

Or, if you like, you can clone the source for the completed Group Permissions project, also on Github:

If you are starting with the template project and following along, it’s probably best to rename the directory and project files to reflect the current effort. if you do this, make sure to also update the Web.Config file as well. You may want to update the connection string so that when the back-end database is created, the name reflects the Group Permissions application.

You MUST update the appSettings => owin:AppStartup element so that the startup assembly name matches the name you provide in Project => Properties => Assembly Name. In my case, I set my connection string and owin:appStartup as follows:

Update Web.Config Connection String and owin:appStartup elements:
<connectionStrings>
    <add name="DefaultConnection" 
         connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)\v11.0;
           Initial Catalog=AspNetIdentity2GroupPermissions-5;
           Integrated Security=SSPI" 
         providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
  </connectionStrings>
  <appSettings>
    <add key="owin:AppStartup" value="IdentitySample.Startup,AspNetIdentity2GRoupPermissions" />
    <add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
    <add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
    <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
    <add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
  </appSettings></configuration>

Adding the Group Models

Let’s get right to it. We can start by adding some new models to the Models => IdentityModels.cs file. We will be defining three different classes here: ApplicationGroup, which is the core Group model, as well as two additional classes which map ApplicationUser and ApplicationRole as collections within ApplicationGroup. Add the following to the IdentityModels.cs file:

The ApplicationGroup and Related Classes:
public class ApplicationGroup
{
    public ApplicationGroup()
    {
        this.Id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
        this.ApplicationRoles = new List<ApplicationGroupRole>();
        this.ApplicationUsers = new List<ApplicationUserGroup>();
    }
  
    public ApplicationGroup(string name)
        : this()
    {
        this.Name = name;
    }
  
    public ApplicationGroup(string name, string description)
        : this(name)
    {
        this.Description = description;
    }
  
    [Key]
    public string Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<ApplicationGroupRole> ApplicationRoles { get; set; }
    public virtual ICollection<ApplicationUserGroup> ApplicationUsers { get; set; }
}
  
  
public class ApplicationUserGroup
{
    public string ApplicationUserId { get; set; }
    public string ApplicationGroupId { get; set; }
}
  
public class ApplicationGroupRole
{
    public string ApplicationGroupId { get; set; }
    public string ApplicationRoleId { get; set; }
}

Groups have a many-to-many relationship with both Users, and Roles. One user can belong to zero or more Groups, and one group can have zero or more users. Likewise with roles. A single role can be assigned to zero or more groups, and a single Group can have zero or more roles.

When we need to manage this type of relationship using EntityFramework, we can create what are essentially mapping classes, in this case, ApplicationUserGroup, and ApplicationGroupRole. The way we are doing this is similar to the structure used by the Identity team in defining Users, Roles, and UserRoles. For example, our ApplicationUser class is derived from IdentityUser, which defines a Roles property. Note that the Roles property of IdentityUser is not a collection of IdentityRole object, but instead a collection of IdentityUserRole objects. The difference being, the IdentityUserRole class defines only a UserId property, and a RoleId property.

We are doing the same thing here.We need to allow EF to manage the many-to-many relationships we described above by adding mapping classes between the collections defined on ApplicationGroup, and the domain objects involved in each relationship.

Override OnModelCreating in the DbContext Class

EntityFramework will not figure out our many-to-many relationships on its own, nor will it determine the proper table structures to create in our database. We need to help things along by overriding the OnModelCreating method in the ApplicationDbContext class. Also, we need to add ApplicationGroups as a property on our DbContext so that we can access our Groups from within our application.  Update the ApplicationDbContext class as follows:

Update ApplicationDbContext and Override OnModelCreating:
public class ApplicationDbContext
    : IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser, ApplicationRole,
    string, ApplicationUserLogin, ApplicationUserRole, ApplicationUserClaim>
{
    public ApplicationDbContext()
        : base("DefaultConnection")
    {
    }
  
    static ApplicationDbContext()
    {
        Database.SetInitializer<ApplicationDbContext>(new ApplicationDbInitializer());
    }
  
    public static ApplicationDbContext Create()
    {
        return new ApplicationDbContext();
    }
  
    // Add the ApplicationGroups property:
    public virtual IDbSet<ApplicationGroup> ApplicationGroups { get; set; }
  
    // Override OnModelsCreating:
    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        // Make sure to call the base method first:
        base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
        
        // Map Users to Groups:
        modelBuilder.Entity<ApplicationGroup>()
            .HasMany<ApplicationUserGroup>((ApplicationGroup g) => g.ApplicationUsers)
            .WithRequired()
            .HasForeignKey<string>((ApplicationUserGroup ag) => ag.ApplicationGroupId);
        modelBuilder.Entity<ApplicationUserGroup>()
            .HasKey((ApplicationUserGroup r) => 
                new 
                { 
                    ApplicationUserId = r.ApplicationUserId, 
                    ApplicationGroupId = r.ApplicationGroupId 
                }).ToTable("ApplicationUserGroups");
  
        // Map Roles to Groups:
        modelBuilder.Entity<ApplicationGroup>()
            .HasMany<ApplicationGroupRole>((ApplicationGroup g) => g.ApplicationRoles)
            .WithRequired()
            .HasForeignKey<string>((ApplicationGroupRole ap) => ap.ApplicationGroupId);
        modelBuilder.Entity<ApplicationGroupRole>().HasKey((ApplicationGroupRole gr) => 
            new 
            { 
                ApplicationRoleId = gr.ApplicationRoleId, 
                ApplicationGroupId = gr.ApplicationGroupId 
            }).ToTable("ApplicationGroupRoles");
    }
}

With these humble beginnings in place, let’s run the project, and see if everything works the way we expect.

Running the Project and Confirming Database Creation

If we run the project now, we will be greeted by the standard MVC page. Recall that with the Entity Framework Code-First model, database creation will occur at first data access. In other words, as things stand, we need to log in.

To this point, we haven’t added any explicit functionality to our front-end site – when we log in, there will be no evidence that our underlying model has changed. We simply want to see if the site starts up properly, and that the database and table we expect are in fact created.

Once we have run the project and logged in, we should be able to stop, and use  the Visual Studio Server Explorer to see what our database tables look like. We should see something like the following:

Server Explorer with Additional Tables for Groups:

server-explorer-with-group-tables

We see from the above that our ApplicationGroup and related classes are now represented by tables in our back-end database, along with the expected columns and primary keys. So far, so good!

Investigation: Building a Consistent Asynchronous Model Architecture

APS.NET Identity 2.0 offers a fully async model architecture. We are going to do our best to follow the conventions established by the Identity team in building up our Groups management structure, using similar abstractions to create a Group store, and Group Manager with fully async methods. In other words, perhaps we can take a look at how the Identity 2.0 team built the basic UserStore and RoleStore abstractions (including the async methods) and simply model up our own GroupStore along the same lines.

If we take a close look at the structure used by the Identity team to build up the basic UserStore and RoleStore classes within the Identity framework, we find that each are composed around an instance of a class called EntityStore<TEntity> , which wraps the most basic behaviors expected of a persistence store.

For example, if we look inside the RoleStore<TRole, TKey, TUserRole> class defined as part of the Identity 2.0 framework, we find the following:

Decomposing the RoleStore Class:
public class RoleStore<TRole, TKey, TUserRole> : 
    IQueryableRoleStore<TRole, TKey>, IRoleStore<TRole, TKey>, IDisposable
    where TRole : IdentityRole<TKey, TUserRole>, new()
    where TUserRole : IdentityUserRole<TKey>, new()
{
    private bool _disposed;
    private EntityStore<TRole> _roleStore;
  
    public DbContext Context { get; private set; }
    public bool DisposeContext {get; set; }
  
    public IQueryable<TRole> Roles
    {
        get
        {
            return this._roleStore.EntitySet;
        }
    }
  
    public RoleStore(DbContext context)
    {
        if (context == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("context");
        }
        this.Context = context;
        this._roleStore = new EntityStore<TRole>(context);
    }
  
    public virtual async Task CreateAsync(TRole role)
    {
        this.ThrowIfDisposed();
        if (role == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("role");
        }
        this._roleStore.Create(role);
        TaskExtensions.CultureAwaiter<int> cultureAwaiter = 
            this.Context.SaveChangesAsync().WithCurrentCulture<int>();
        await cultureAwaiter;
    }
  
    public virtual async Task DeleteAsync(TRole role)
    {
        this.ThrowIfDisposed();
        if (role == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("role");
        }
        this._roleStore.Delete(role);
        TaskExtensions.CultureAwaiter<int> cultureAwaiter = 
            this.Context.SaveChangesAsync().WithCurrentCulture<int>();
        await cultureAwaiter;
    }
  
    public void Dispose()
    {
        this.Dispose(true);
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }
  
    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (this.DisposeContext && disposing && this.Context != null)
        {
            this.Context.Dispose();
        }
        this._disposed = true;
        this.Context = null;
        this._roleStore = null;
    }
  
    public Task<TRole> FindByIdAsync(TKey roleId)
    {
        this.ThrowIfDisposed();
        return this._roleStore.GetByIdAsync(roleId);
    }
  
    public Task<TRole> FindByNameAsync(string roleName)
    {
        this.ThrowIfDisposed();
        return QueryableExtensions
            .FirstOrDefaultAsync<TRole>(this._roleStore.EntitySet, 
                (TRole u) => u.Name.ToUpper() == roleName.ToUpper());
    }
  
    private void ThrowIfDisposed()
    {
        if (this._disposed)
        {
            throw new ObjectDisposedException(this.GetType().Name);
        }
    }
  
    public virtual async Task UpdateAsync(TRole role)
    {
        this.ThrowIfDisposed();
        if (role == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("role");
        }
        this._roleStore.Update(role);
        TaskExtensions.CultureAwaiter<int> cultureAwaiter = 
            this.Context.SaveChangesAsync().WithCurrentCulture<int>();
        await cultureAwaiter;
    }
}

The code above is interesting, and we will be looking more closely in a bit. For the moment, notice the highlighted item. RoleStore wraps an instance of EntityStore<TRole> . If we follow our noses a little further, we find a definition for EntityStore as well:

The EntityStore Class from Identity 2.0 Framework:
internal class EntityStore<TEntity>
where TEntity : class
{
    public DbContext Context { get; private set; }
    public DbSet<TEntity> DbEntitySet { get; private set; }
    public IQueryable<TEntity> EntitySet
    {
        get
        {
            return this.DbEntitySet;
        }
    }
    public EntityStore(DbContext context)
    {
        this.Context = context;
        this.DbEntitySet = context.Set<TEntity>();
    }
    public void Create(TEntity entity)
    {
        this.DbEntitySet.Add(entity);
    }
    public void Delete(TEntity entity)
    {
        this.DbEntitySet.Remove(entity);
    }
    public virtual Task<TEntity> GetByIdAsync(object id)
    {
        return this.DbEntitySet.FindAsync(new object[] { id });
    }
    public virtual void Update(TEntity entity)
    {
        if (entity != null)
        {
            this.Context.Entry<TEntity>(entity).State = EntityState.Modified;
        }
    }

This code is also of great interest, despite its simplicity. Unfortunately, we cannot directly use the EntityStore class within our project. Note the internal modifier in the class declaration – this means EntityStore is only available to classes within the Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework assembly. In other words, we can’t consume EntityStore in order to build up our own GroupStore implementation. Instead, we will take the time-honored approach of stealing/copying.

Building an Asynchronous GroupStore

We are going to apply the same conventions used by the Identity team in building out a GroupStore class, and then, in similar fashion, wrap a GroupManager class around THAT, much the same as Identity Framework wraps a RoleManager class around an instance of RoleStore.

But first, we need to deal with the EntityStore problem. in order to properly mimic the structure used to build up RoleStore and UserStore, we need to basically create our own implementation of EntityStore. In our case, we don’t need a generically-typed class – we can create a non-generic implementation specific to our needs.

Mimicking EntityStore – Building the GroupStoreBase Class

We can basically steal most of the code from the EntityStore<TEntity> class shown above, and adapt it to suit our needs by removing the generic type arguments for the class itself, and by passing non-generic arguments where needed. Add a class named GroupStoreBase to the Models folder of your project, and then use the following code for the class itself. First, you will need the following using statements a the top of your code file:

Required Assembly References for the GroupStoreBase Class:
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
The GroupStoreBase Class:
public class GroupStoreBase
{
    public DbContext Context { get; private set; }
    public DbSet<ApplicationGroup> DbEntitySet { get; private set; }
  
  
    public IQueryable<ApplicationGroup> EntitySet
    {
        get
        {
            return this.DbEntitySet;
        }
    }
  
  
    public GroupStoreBase(DbContext context)
    {
        this.Context = context;
        this.DbEntitySet = context.Set<ApplicationGroup>();
    }
  
  
    public void Create(ApplicationGroup entity)
    {
        this.DbEntitySet.Add(entity);
    }
  
  
    public void Delete(ApplicationGroup entity)
    {
        this.DbEntitySet.Remove(entity);
    }
  
  
    public virtual Task<ApplicationGroup> GetByIdAsync(object id)
    {
        return this.DbEntitySet.FindAsync(new object[] { id });
    }
  
  
    public virtual ApplicationGroup GetById(object id)
    {
        return this.DbEntitySet.Find(new object[] { id });
    }
  
  
    public virtual void Update(ApplicationGroup entity)
    {
        if (entity != null)
        {
            this.Context.Entry<ApplicationGroup>(entity).State = EntityState.Modified;
        }
    }
}

Note the structure here. the GroupStoreBase provides methods for working with a DbSet<ApplicationGroup> , but performs no persistence to the backside database directly. Persistence will be controlled by the next class in our structure, ApplicationGroupStore.

Building the Primary ApplicationGroupStore Class

In following the pattern used by UserStore and RoleStore, we will now build out a GroupStore class, which will be composed around our new GroupStoreBase class. Add another class to the models folder named ApplicationGroupStore, and add the following code:

The ApplicationGroupStore Class:
public class ApplicationGroupStore : IDisposable
{
    private bool _disposed;
    private GroupStoreBase _groupStore;
  
  
    public ApplicationGroupStore(DbContext context)
    {
        if (context == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("context");
        }
        this.Context = context;
        this._groupStore = new GroupStoreBase(context);
    }
  
  
    public IQueryable<ApplicationGroup> Groups
    {
        get
        {
            return this._groupStore.EntitySet;
        }
    }
    
    public DbContext Context
    {
        get;
        private set;
    }
  
  
    public virtual void Create(ApplicationGroup group)
    {
        this.ThrowIfDisposed();
        if (group == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("group");
        }
        this._groupStore.Create(group);
        this.Context.SaveChanges();
    }
  
  
    public virtual async Task CreateAsync(ApplicationGroup group)
    {
        this.ThrowIfDisposed();
        if (group == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("group");
        }
        this._groupStore.Create(group);
        await this.Context.SaveChangesAsync();
    }
  
  
    public virtual async Task DeleteAsync(ApplicationGroup group)
    {
        this.ThrowIfDisposed();
        if (group == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("group");
        }
        this._groupStore.Delete(group);
        await this.Context.SaveChangesAsync();
    }
  
  
    public virtual void Delete(ApplicationGroup group)
    {
        this.ThrowIfDisposed();
        if (group == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("group");
        }
        this._groupStore.Delete(group);
        this.Context.SaveChanges();
    }
  
  
    public Task<ApplicationGroup> FindByIdAsync(string roleId)
    {
        this.ThrowIfDisposed();
        return this._groupStore.GetByIdAsync(roleId);
    }
  
  
    public ApplicationGroup FindById(string roleId)
    {
        this.ThrowIfDisposed();
        return this._groupStore.GetById(roleId);
    }
  
  
    public Task<ApplicationGroup> FindByNameAsync(string groupName)
    {
        this.ThrowIfDisposed();
        return QueryableExtensions
            .FirstOrDefaultAsync<ApplicationGroup>(this._groupStore.EntitySet, 
                (ApplicationGroup u) => u.Name.ToUpper() == groupName.ToUpper());
    }
  
  
    public virtual async Task UpdateAsync(ApplicationGroup group)
    {
        this.ThrowIfDisposed();
        if (group == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("group");
        }
        this._groupStore.Update(group);
        await this.Context.SaveChangesAsync();
    }
  
  
    public virtual void Update(ApplicationGroup group)
    {
        this.ThrowIfDisposed();
        if (group == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("group");
        }
        this._groupStore.Update(group);
        this.Context.SaveChanges();
    }
  
  
    // DISPOSE STUFF: ===============================================
  
    public bool DisposeContext
    {
        get;
        set;
    }
  
  
    private void ThrowIfDisposed()
    {
        if (this._disposed)
        {
            throw new ObjectDisposedException(this.GetType().Name);
        }
    }
  
   
    public void Dispose()
    {
        this.Dispose(true);
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }
  
  
    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (this.DisposeContext && disposing && this.Context != null)
        {
            this.Context.Dispose();
        }
        this._disposed = true;
        this.Context = null;
        this._groupStore = null;
    }
}

Some things to note about the ApplicationGroupStore class. First, notice that this class takes care of all the actual persistence to the backing store, by virtue of calls to .SaveChanges() or .SaveChangesAsync(). Also, we have provided both an async and a synchronous implementation for each of the methods.

However, we’re not quite done yet. While the ApplicationGroupStore manages the basics of persistence for Groups, what it does NOT do is handle the complexities introduced by the relationships between Groups, Users, and Roles. Here, we can perform the basic CRUD operations on our groups, but we have no control over the relationships between the classes.

This becomes the job of the ApplicationGroupManager class.

Managing Complex Relationships – The ApplicationGroupManager Class

The relationships between Users, Groups, and Roles, for the sake of our application, are more complex than they might first appear.

Our Users-Groups-Roles structure is actually performing a bit of an illusion. It may appear, when we are done, that Roles will “belong” to groups, and that Users, by virtue of membership in a particular group, gain access to the Roles of that Group. However, what is really going on is that, when a User is assigned to a particular group, our application is then adding that user to each Role within the Group.

This is a subtle, but important distinction.

Let’s assume we have an existing Group with two Roles assigned – “CanEditAccount” and “CanViewAccount.” Let’s further assume that there are three users in this group. Finally, let’s say we want to add another (already existing) Role to this group – “CanDeleteAccount.” What needs to happen?

  1. We assign the role to the group
  2. We need to add each member or the group to the new role

On the face of it, that is relatively straightforward. However, each User can belong to more than one group. Also, a Role can be assigned to more than one group. What if we want to remove a Role from a group?

  1. Remove each User in the Group from the Role, except when they are also a member of another group which also has that same role
  2. Remove the Role from the Group

This is a little more complicated. A similar situation arises if we wish to remove a User from a Group:

  1. Remove the User from all Roles in the Group, except when the user also belongs to another Group with the same role
  2. Remove the User from the Group

And so on. In order to get the predictable, intuitive behavior from our application which will be expected by the end user, there is more going on than meets the eye.

It will be the job of the ApplicationGroupManager to handle these types of problems for us, and afford a clear API against which our controllers can work between the user and the backside data.

We have created the GroupStore class to handle the basic persistence of Group data, and we have the ApplicationUserManager and ApplicationRoleManager classes to handle the relationships between Users, Roles, and persistence. For the most part, the ApplicationGroupManager's job will mainly be governing the interactions of these three stores, and occasionally the DbContext directly.

We will accomplish this by defining an API which, similar to the Identity base classes UserManager and RoleManager, affords us the intuitive methods we need to deal with Group-based Role management. We will provide both synchronous and asynchronous implementations.

Add another class to the Models folder, and name it ApplicationGroupManager. You will need the following using statements at the top of your code file:

Required Assembly References for ApplicationGroupManager:
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Owin;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Web;

Now, add the following code:

The ApplicationGroupManager Class:
public class ApplicationGroupManager
{
    private ApplicationGroupStore _groupStore;
    private ApplicationDbContext _db;
    private ApplicationUserManager _userManager;
    private ApplicationRoleManager _roleManager;
  
    public ApplicationGroupManager()
    {
        _db = HttpContext.Current
            .GetOwinContext().Get<ApplicationDbContext>();
        _userManager = HttpContext.Current
            .GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<ApplicationUserManager>();
        _roleManager = HttpContext.Current
            .GetOwinContext().Get<ApplicationRoleManager>();
        _groupStore = new ApplicationGroupStore(_db);
    }
  
  
    public IQueryable<ApplicationGroup> Groups
    {
        get
        {
            return _groupStore.Groups;
        }
    }
  
  
    public async Task<IdentityResult> CreateGroupAsync(ApplicationGroup group)
    {
        await _groupStore.CreateAsync(group);
        return IdentityResult.Success;
    }
  
 
    public IdentityResult CreateGroup(ApplicationGroup group)
    {
        _groupStore.Create(group);
        return IdentityResult.Success;
    }
  
  
    public IdentityResult SetGroupRoles(string groupId, params string[] roleNames)
    {
        // Clear all the roles associated with this group:
        var thisGroup = this.FindById(groupId);
        thisGroup.ApplicationRoles.Clear();
        _db.SaveChanges();
  
        // Add the new roles passed in:
        var newRoles = _roleManager.Roles.Where(r => roleNames.Any(n => n == r.Name));
        foreach(var role in newRoles)
        {
            thisGroup.ApplicationRoles.Add(new ApplicationGroupRole 
            { 
                ApplicationGroupId = groupId, 
                ApplicationRoleId = role.Id 
            });
        }
        _db.SaveChanges();
  
        // Reset the roles for all affected users:
        foreach(var groupUser in thisGroup.ApplicationUsers)
        {
            this.RefreshUserGroupRoles(groupUser.ApplicationUserId);
        }
        return IdentityResult.Success;
    }
  
  
    public async Task<IdentityResult> SetGroupRolesAsync(
        string groupId, params string[] roleNames)
    {
        // Clear all the roles associated with this group:
        var thisGroup = await this.FindByIdAsync(groupId);
        thisGroup.ApplicationRoles.Clear();
        await _db.SaveChangesAsync();
  
        // Add the new roles passed in:
        var newRoles = _roleManager.Roles
                        .Where(r => roleNames.Any(n => n == r.Name));
        foreach (var role in newRoles)
        {
            thisGroup.ApplicationRoles.Add(new ApplicationGroupRole 
            { 
                ApplicationGroupId = groupId, 
                ApplicationRoleId = role.Id 
            });
        }
        await _db.SaveChangesAsync();
  
        // Reset the roles for all affected users:
        foreach (var groupUser in thisGroup.ApplicationUsers)
        {
            await this.RefreshUserGroupRolesAsync(groupUser.ApplicationUserId);
        }
        return IdentityResult.Success;
    }
  
  
    public async Task<IdentityResult> SetUserGroupsAsync(
        string userId, params string[] groupIds)
    {
        // Clear current group membership:
        var currentGroups = await this.GetUserGroupsAsync(userId);
        foreach (var group in currentGroups)
        {
            group.ApplicationUsers
                .Remove(group.ApplicationUsers
                .FirstOrDefault(gr => gr.ApplicationUserId == userId
            ));
        }
        await _db.SaveChangesAsync();
  
        // Add the user to the new groups:
        foreach (string groupId in groupIds)
        {
            var newGroup = await this.FindByIdAsync(groupId);
            newGroup.ApplicationUsers.Add(new ApplicationUserGroup 
            { 
                ApplicationUserId = userId, 
                ApplicationGroupId = groupId 
            });
        }
        await _db.SaveChangesAsync();
  
        await this.RefreshUserGroupRolesAsync(userId);
        return IdentityResult.Success;
    }
  
  
    public IdentityResult SetUserGroups(string userId, params string[] groupIds)
    {
        // Clear current group membership:
        var currentGroups = this.GetUserGroups(userId);
        foreach(var group in currentGroups)
        {
            group.ApplicationUsers
                .Remove(group.ApplicationUsers
                .FirstOrDefault(gr => gr.ApplicationUserId == userId
            ));
        }
        _db.SaveChanges();
  
        // Add the user to the new groups:
        foreach(string groupId in groupIds)
        {
            var newGroup = this.FindById(groupId);
            newGroup.ApplicationUsers.Add(new ApplicationUserGroup 
            { 
                ApplicationUserId = userId, 
                ApplicationGroupId = groupId 
            });
        }
        _db.SaveChanges();
  
        this.RefreshUserGroupRoles(userId);
        return IdentityResult.Success;
    }
  
  
    public IdentityResult RefreshUserGroupRoles(string userId)
    {
        var user = _userManager.FindById(userId);
        if(user == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("User");
        }
        // Remove user from previous roles:
        var oldUserRoles = _userManager.GetRoles(userId);
        if(oldUserRoles.Count > 0)
        {
            _userManager.RemoveFromRoles(userId, oldUserRoles.ToArray());
        }
  
        // Find teh roles this user is entitled to from group membership:
        var newGroupRoles = this.GetUserGroupRoles(userId);
  
        // Get the damn role names:
        var allRoles = _roleManager.Roles.ToList();
        var addTheseRoles = allRoles
            .Where(r => newGroupRoles.Any(gr => gr.ApplicationRoleId == r.Id
        ));
        var roleNames = addTheseRoles.Select(n => n.Name).ToArray();
  
        // Add the user to the proper roles
        _userManager.AddToRoles(userId, roleNames);
  
        return IdentityResult.Success;
    }
  
  
    public async Task<IdentityResult> RefreshUserGroupRolesAsync(string userId)
    {
        var user = await _userManager.FindByIdAsync(userId);
        if (user == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("User");
        }
        // Remove user from previous roles:
        var oldUserRoles = await _userManager.GetRolesAsync(userId);
        if (oldUserRoles.Count > 0)
        {
            await _userManager.RemoveFromRolesAsync(userId, oldUserRoles.ToArray());
        }
  
        // Find the roles this user is entitled to from group membership:
        var newGroupRoles = await this.GetUserGroupRolesAsync(userId);
  
        // Get the damn role names:
        var allRoles = await _roleManager.Roles.ToListAsync();
        var addTheseRoles = allRoles
            .Where(r => newGroupRoles.Any(gr => gr.ApplicationRoleId == r.Id
        ));
        var roleNames = addTheseRoles.Select(n => n.Name).ToArray();
  
        // Add the user to the proper roles
        await _userManager.AddToRolesAsync(userId, roleNames);
  
        return IdentityResult.Success;
    }
  
  
    public async Task<IdentityResult> DeleteGroupAsync(string groupId)
    {
        var group = await this.FindByIdAsync(groupId);
        if (group == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("User");
        }
  
        var currentGroupMembers = (await this.GetGroupUsersAsync(groupId)).ToList();
        // remove the roles from the group:
        group.ApplicationRoles.Clear();
  
        // Remove all the users:
        group.ApplicationUsers.Clear();
  
        // Remove the group itself:
        _db.ApplicationGroups.Remove(group);
  
        await _db.SaveChangesAsync();
  
        // Reset all the user roles:
        foreach (var user in currentGroupMembers)
        {
            await this.RefreshUserGroupRolesAsync(user.Id);
        }
        return IdentityResult.Success;
    }
  
  
    public IdentityResult DeleteGroup(string groupId)
    {
        var group = this.FindById(groupId);
        if(group == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("User");
        }
  
        var currentGroupMembers = this.GetGroupUsers(groupId).ToList();
        // remove the roles from the group:
        group.ApplicationRoles.Clear();
  
        // Remove all the users:
        group.ApplicationUsers.Clear();
  
        // Remove the group itself:
        _db.ApplicationGroups.Remove(group);
  
        _db.SaveChanges();
  
        // Reset all the user roles:
        foreach(var user in currentGroupMembers)
        {
            this.RefreshUserGroupRoles(user.Id);
        }
        return IdentityResult.Success;
    }
  
  
    public async Task<IdentityResult> UpdateGroupAsync(ApplicationGroup group)
    {
        await _groupStore.UpdateAsync(group);
        foreach (var groupUser in group.ApplicationUsers)
        {
            await this.RefreshUserGroupRolesAsync(groupUser.ApplicationUserId);
        }
        return IdentityResult.Success;
    }
  
  
    public IdentityResult UpdateGroup(ApplicationGroup group)
    {
        _groupStore.Update(group);
        foreach(var groupUser in group.ApplicationUsers)
        {
            this.RefreshUserGroupRoles(groupUser.ApplicationUserId);
        }
        return IdentityResult.Success;
    }
  
  
    public IdentityResult ClearUserGroups(string userId)
    {
        return this.SetUserGroups(userId, new string[] { });
    }
  
  
    public async Task<IdentityResult> ClearUserGroupsAsync(string userId)
    {
        return await this.SetUserGroupsAsync(userId, new string[] { });
    }
  
  
    public async Task<IEnumerable<ApplicationGroup>> GetUserGroupsAsync(string userId)
    {
        var result = new List<ApplicationGroup>();
        var userGroups = (from g in this.Groups
                          where g.ApplicationUsers
                            .Any(u => u.ApplicationUserId == userId)
                          select g).ToListAsync();
        return await userGroups;
    }
  
  
    public IEnumerable<ApplicationGroup> GetUserGroups(string userId)
    {
        var result = new List<ApplicationGroup>();
        var userGroups = (from g in this.Groups
                          where g.ApplicationUsers
                            .Any(u => u.ApplicationUserId == userId)
                          select g).ToList();
        return userGroups;
    }
  
  
    public async Task<IEnumerable<ApplicationRole>> GetGroupRolesAsync(
        string groupId)
    {
        var grp = await _db.ApplicationGroups
            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(g => g.Id == groupId);
        var roles = await _roleManager.Roles.ToListAsync();
        var groupRoles = (from r in roles
                          where grp.ApplicationRoles
                            .Any(ap => ap.ApplicationRoleId == r.Id)
                          select r).ToList();
        return groupRoles;
    }
  
  
    public IEnumerable<ApplicationRole> GetGroupRoles(string groupId)
    {
        var grp = _db.ApplicationGroups.FirstOrDefault(g => g.Id == groupId);
        var roles = _roleManager.Roles.ToList();
        var groupRoles = from r in roles
                         where grp.ApplicationRoles
                            .Any(ap => ap.ApplicationRoleId == r.Id)
                         select r;
        return groupRoles;
    }
  
  
    public IEnumerable<ApplicationUser> GetGroupUsers(string groupId)
    {
        var group = this.FindById(groupId);
        var users = new List<ApplicationUser>();
        foreach (var groupUser in group.ApplicationUsers)
        {
            var user = _db.Users.Find(groupUser.ApplicationUserId);
            users.Add(user);
        }
        return users;
    }
  
  
    public async Task<IEnumerable<ApplicationUser>> GetGroupUsersAsync(string groupId)
    {
        var group = await this.FindByIdAsync(groupId);
        var users = new List<ApplicationUser>();
        foreach (var groupUser in group.ApplicationUsers)
        {
            var user = await _db.Users
                .FirstOrDefaultAsync(u => u.Id == groupUser.ApplicationUserId);
            users.Add(user);
        }
        return users;
    }
  
  
    public IEnumerable<ApplicationGroupRole> GetUserGroupRoles(string userId)
    {
        var userGroups = this.GetUserGroups(userId);
        var userGroupRoles = new List<ApplicationGroupRole>();
        foreach(var group in userGroups)
        {
            userGroupRoles.AddRange(group.ApplicationRoles.ToArray());
        }
        return userGroupRoles;
    }
  
  
    public async Task<IEnumerable<ApplicationGroupRole>> GetUserGroupRolesAsync(
        string userId)
    {
        var userGroups = await this.GetUserGroupsAsync(userId);
        var userGroupRoles = new List<ApplicationGroupRole>();
        foreach (var group in userGroups)
        {
            userGroupRoles.AddRange(group.ApplicationRoles.ToArray());
        }
        return userGroupRoles;
    }
  
  
    public async Task<ApplicationGroup> FindByIdAsync(string id)
    {
        return await _groupStore.FindByIdAsync(id);
    }
  
  
    public ApplicationGroup FindById(string id)
    {
        return _groupStore.FindById(id);
    }
}

As we can see from the above, there’s a lot of code there. However, much of it is due to duplication between synchronous and asynchronous method implementations. With the above, we now have an API to work against from our controllers, and we can now get down to brass tacks, and add the Groups functionality to our site.

We’ve kept things as simple as possible in terms of adding and removing Users from Groups, Roles to and from Groups, and such. As you can see, each time we change the groups a user belongs to, we change all the group assignments at once, by calling SetUserGroups() and passing in an array of Group Id’s. Similarly, we assign all of the Roles to a group in one shot by calling SetGroupRoles() and again, passing in an array of Role names, representing all of the roles assigned to a particular group.

We do these in this manner because, when we modify a User’s Group membership, we need to essentially re-set all of the User’s Roles anyway. In like manner, when we modify the Roles assigned to a particular group, we need to refresh the Roles assigned to every user within that group.

This is also handy because, when we receive the User and/or Role selections made by the user from either of the Admin Views, we get them as an array anyway. We’ll see this more closely in a bit.

Adding a GroupViewModel

We will need a view model for passing group data between various controller methods and their associated Views. in the Models => AdminViewModel.cs file, add the following class:

The GroupVeiwModel Class:
public class GroupViewModel
{
    public GroupViewModel()
    {
        this.UsersList = new List<SelectListItem>();
        this.PermissionsList = new List<SelectListItem>();
    }
    [Required(AllowEmptyStrings = false)]
    public string Id { get; set; }
    [Required(AllowEmptyStrings = false)]
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
    public ICollection<SelectListItem> UsersList { get; set; }
    public ICollection<SelectListItem> RolesList { get; set; }
}

Notice here that we are passing ICollection<SelectListItem> to represent Users and Roles assigned to a Group. This way, we can pass a list of user names or or role names out to a view, allow the user to select one or more items from the list, and then process the selection choices made when the form data is submitted back to the controller via the HTTP POST method.

Update the EditUserViewModel

While we have the AdminViewModel.cs file open, let’s also modify the EditUserViewModel, and add a collection property for Groups:

Add a GroupsList Property to EditUserViewModel:
public class EditUserViewModel
{
    public EditUserViewModel()
    {
        this.RolesList = new List<SelectListItem>();
        this.GroupsList = new List<SelectListItem>();
    }
    public string Id { get; set; }
    [Required(AllowEmptyStrings = false)]
    [Display(Name = "Email")]
    [EmailAddress]
    public string Email { get; set; }
  
    // We will still use this, so leave it here:
    public ICollection<SelectListItem> RolesList { get; set; }
  
    // Add a GroupsList Property:
    public ICollection<SelectListItem> GroupsList { get; set; }
}

We will keep the RolesList collection as well. Even though we won’t be assigning Roles directly to Users anymore, we may want to create a View which allows us to see what Roles a user has by virtue of membership in various Groups. This way, we can use the same ViewModel.

Now that we have our ViewModel all tuned up, let’s add a GroupsAdminController.

Building the GroupsAdminController

Similar to the existing UserAdminController and the RolesAdminController, we need to provide a Controller to work with our new Groups functionality.

We need to add a controller in the Controllers directory. Instead of using the Context Menu => Add Controller method, just add a class, named GroupsAdminController, and add the following code:

Adding the GroupsAdminController:
public class GroupsAdminController : Controller
{
    private ApplicationDbContext db = new ApplicationDbContext();
  
    private ApplicationGroupManager _groupManager;
    public ApplicationGroupManager GroupManager
    {
        get
        {
            return _groupManager ?? new ApplicationGroupManager();
        }
        private set
        {
            _groupManager = value;
        }
    }
  
    private ApplicationRoleManager _roleManager;
    public ApplicationRoleManager RoleManager
    {
        get
        {
            return _roleManager ?? HttpContext.GetOwinContext()
                .Get<ApplicationRoleManager>();
        }
        private set
        {
            _roleManager = value;
        }
    }
  
  
    public ActionResult Index()
    {
        return View(this.GroupManager.Groups.ToList());
    } 
  
  
    public async Task<ActionResult> Details(string id)
    {
        if (id == null)
        {
            return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
        }
        ApplicationGroup applicationgroup =
            await this.GroupManager.Groups.FirstOrDefaultAsync(g => g.Id == id);
        if (applicationgroup == null)
        {
            return HttpNotFound();
        }
        var groupRoles = this.GroupManager.GetGroupRoles(applicationgroup.Id);
        string[] RoleNames = groupRoles.Select(p => p.Name).ToArray();
        ViewBag.RolesList = RoleNames;
        ViewBag.RolesCount = RoleNames.Count();
        return View(applicationgroup);
    }
  
  
    public ActionResult Create()
    {
        //Get a SelectList of Roles to choose from in the View:
        ViewBag.RolesList = new SelectList(
            this.RoleManager.Roles.ToList(), "Id", "Name");
        return View();
    }
  
  
    [HttpPost]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public async Task<ActionResult> Create(
        [Bind(Include = "Name,Description")] ApplicationGroup applicationgroup, 
        params string[] selectedRoles)
    {
        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            // Create the new Group:
            var result = await this.GroupManager.CreateGroupAsync(applicationgroup);
            if (result.Succeeded)
            {
                selectedRoles = selectedRoles ?? new string[] { };
  
                // Add the roles selected:
                await this.GroupManager
                    .SetGroupRolesAsync(applicationgroup.Id, selectedRoles);
            }
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }
 
        // Otherwise, start over:
        ViewBag.RoleId = new SelectList(
            this.RoleManager.Roles.ToList(), "Id", "Name");
        return View(applicationgroup);
    }
  
  
    public async Task<ActionResult> Edit(string id)
    {
        if (id == null)
        {
            return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
        }
        ApplicationGroup applicationgroup = await this.GroupManager.FindByIdAsync(id);
        if (applicationgroup == null)
        {
            return HttpNotFound();
        }
  
        // Get a list, not a DbSet or queryable:
        var allRoles = await this.RoleManager.Roles.ToListAsync();
        var groupRoles = await this.GroupManager.GetGroupRolesAsync(id);
  
        var model = new GroupViewModel()
        {
            Id = applicationgroup.Id,
            Name = applicationgroup.Name,
            Description = applicationgroup.Description
        };
  
        // load the roles/Roles for selection in the form:
        foreach (var Role in allRoles)
        {
            var listItem = new SelectListItem()
            {
                Text = Role.Name,
                Value = Role.Id,
                Selected = groupRoles.Any(g => g.Id == Role.Id)
            };
            model.RolesList.Add(listItem);
        }
        return View(model);
    }
  
  
    [HttpPost]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public async Task<ActionResult> Edit(
        [Bind(Include = "Id,Name,Description")] GroupViewModel model, 
        params string[] selectedRoles)
    {
        var group = await this.GroupManager.FindByIdAsync(model.Id);
        if (group == null)
        {
            return HttpNotFound();
        }
        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            group.Name = model.Name;
            group.Description = model.Description;
            await this.GroupManager.UpdateGroupAsync(group);
  
            selectedRoles = selectedRoles ?? new string[] { };
            await this.GroupManager.SetGroupRolesAsync(group.Id, selectedRoles);
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }
        return View(model);
    }
  
  
    public async Task<ActionResult> Delete(string id)
    {
        if (id == null)
        {
            return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
        }
        ApplicationGroup applicationgroup = await this.GroupManager.FindByIdAsync(id);
        if (applicationgroup == null)
        {
            return HttpNotFound();
        }
        return View(applicationgroup);
    }
  
  
    [HttpPost, ActionName("Delete")]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public async Task<ActionResult> DeleteConfirmed(string id)
    {
        if (id == null)
        {
            return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
        }
        ApplicationGroup applicationgroup = await this.GroupManager.FindByIdAsync(id);
        await this.GroupManager.DeleteGroupAsync(id);
        return RedirectToAction("Index");
    }
  
  
    protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (disposing)
        {
            db.Dispose();
        }
        base.Dispose(disposing);
    }
}

As we can see, we use the GroupsAdminController to manage the creation of groups, and the assignment of roles to various groups. Now, we need to modify the UsersAdminController so that instead of assigning Users to Roles directly, we are instead assigning Users to Groups, through which they gain access to the roles assigned to each group.

Modify the UsersAdminController

We need to make a few adjustments to the UsersAdminController to reflect the manner in which we are managing Groups and Roles. As mentioned previously, we are now assigning users to Groups instead of directly to roles, and our UsersAdminController needs to reflect this.

First off, we need to add an instance of ApplicationGroupManager to the controller. Next, we need to update all of our controller methods to consume Groups instead of Roles. When we create a new User, we want the View to include a list of available Groups to which the User might be assigned. When we Edit an existing User, we want the option to modify group assignments. When we Delete a user, we need to make sure the corresponding Group relationships are deleted as well.

The Following is the updated code for the entire UsersAdminController. It is easier to copy the entire thing in than to wade through it piece by piece. Then you can eyeball things, and fairly easily understand what is going on in each controller method.

The Modified UsersAdminController:
[Authorize(Roles = "Admin")]
public class UsersAdminController : Controller
{
    public UsersAdminController()
    {
    }
  
    public UsersAdminController(ApplicationUserManager userManager, 
        ApplicationRoleManager roleManager)
    {
        UserManager = userManager;
        RoleManager = roleManager;
    }
  
    private ApplicationUserManager _userManager;
    public ApplicationUserManager UserManager
    {
        get
        {
            return _userManager ?? HttpContext.GetOwinContext()
                .GetUserManager<ApplicationUserManager>();
        }
        private set
        {
            _userManager = value;
        }
    }
  
    // Add the Group Manager (NOTE: only access through the public
    // Property, not by the instance variable!)
    private ApplicationGroupManager _groupManager;
    public ApplicationGroupManager GroupManager
    {
        get
        {
            return _groupManager ?? new ApplicationGroupManager();
        }
        private set
        {
            _groupManager = value;
        }
    }
  
    private ApplicationRoleManager _roleManager;
    public ApplicationRoleManager RoleManager
    {
        get
        {
            return _roleManager ?? HttpContext.GetOwinContext()
                .Get<ApplicationRoleManager>();
        }
        private set
        {
            _roleManager = value;
        }
    }
  
      
    public async Task<ActionResult> Index()
    {
        return View(await UserManager.Users.ToListAsync());
    }
  
  
    public async Task<ActionResult> Details(string id)
    {
        if (id == null)
        {
            return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
        }
        var user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(id);
  
        // Show the groups the user belongs to:
        var userGroups = await this.GroupManager.GetUserGroupsAsync(id);
        ViewBag.GroupNames = userGroups.Select(u => u.Name).ToList();
        return View(user);
    }
  
  
    public ActionResult Create()
    {
        // Show a list of available groups:
        ViewBag.GroupsList = 
            new SelectList(this.GroupManager.Groups, "Id", "Name");
        return View();
    }
  
  
    [HttpPost]
    public async Task<ActionResult> Create(RegisterViewModel userViewModel, 
        params string[] selectedGroups)
    {
        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            var user = new ApplicationUser 
            { 
                UserName = userViewModel.Email, 
                Email = userViewModel.Email 
            };
            var adminresult = await UserManager
                .CreateAsync(user, userViewModel.Password);
  
            //Add User to the selected Groups 
            if (adminresult.Succeeded)
            {
                if (selectedGroups != null)
                {
                    selectedGroups = selectedGroups ?? new string[] { };
                    await this.GroupManager
                        .SetUserGroupsAsync(user.Id, selectedGroups);
                }
                return RedirectToAction("Index");
            }
        }
        ViewBag.Groups = new SelectList(
            await RoleManager.Roles.ToListAsync(), "Id", "Name");
        return View();
    }
  
  
    public async Task<ActionResult> Edit(string id)
    {
        if (id == null)
        {
            return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
        }
        var user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(id);
        if (user == null)
        {
            return HttpNotFound();
        }
  
        // Display a list of available Groups:
        var allGroups = this.GroupManager.Groups;
        var userGroups = await this.GroupManager.GetUserGroupsAsync(id);
  
        var model = new EditUserViewModel()
        {
            Id = user.Id,
            Email = user.Email
        };
  
        foreach (var group in allGroups)
        {
            var listItem = new SelectListItem()
            {
                Text = group.Name,
                Value = group.Id,
                Selected = userGroups.Any(g => g.Id == group.Id)
            };
            model.GroupsList.Add(listItem);
        }
        return View(model);
    }
  
  
    [HttpPost]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public async Task<ActionResult> Edit(
        [Bind(Include = "Email,Id")] EditUserViewModel editUser, 
        params string[] selectedGroups)
    {
        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            var user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(editUser.Id);
            if (user == null)
            {
                return HttpNotFound();
            }
  
            // Update the User:
            user.UserName = editUser.Email;
            user.Email = editUser.Email;
            await this.UserManager.UpdateAsync(user);
  
            // Update the Groups:
            selectedGroups = selectedGroups ?? new string[] { };
            await this.GroupManager.SetUserGroupsAsync(user.Id, selectedGroups);
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }
        ModelState.AddModelError("", "Something failed.");
        return View();
    }
  
  
    public async Task<ActionResult> Delete(string id)
    {
        if (id == null)
        {
            return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
        }
        var user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(id);
        if (user == null)
        {
            return HttpNotFound();
        }
        return View(user);
    }
  
  
    [HttpPost, ActionName("Delete")]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    public async Task<ActionResult> DeleteConfirmed(string id)
    {
        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            if (id == null)
            {
                return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
            }
  
            var user = await UserManager.FindByIdAsync(id);
            if (user == null)
            {
                return HttpNotFound();
            }
  
            // Remove all the User Group references:
            await this.GroupManager.ClearUserGroupsAsync(id);
  
            // Then Delete the User:
            var result = await UserManager.DeleteAsync(user);
            if (!result.Succeeded)
            {
                ModelState.AddModelError("", result.Errors.First());
                return View();
            }
            return RedirectToAction("Index");
        }
        return View();
    }
}

Now that we have all of our Controllers in place, we need to add and/or update some Views.

Add Groups Admin as a Menu Item in the Main Layout View

In order to access our new Groups, we will need to add a menu item to Views => Shared => _Layout.cshtml. Since we only want Admin users to access menu item, we want to tuck it in with the other links to Admin-type Views. Modify the _Layout.cshtml file as follows (I’ve only included the relevant section of the View template below):

Add Groups Admin as a Link in the Main Layout View:
// Other View Code before...:
   
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
    <li>@Html.ActionLink("Home", "Index", "Home")</li>
    <li>@Html.ActionLink("About", "About", "Home")</li>
    <li>@Html.ActionLink("Contact", "Contact", "Home")</li>
   
    @if (Request.IsAuthenticated && User.IsInRole("Admin")) {
        <li>@Html.ActionLink("RolesAdmin", "Index", "RolesAdmin")</li>
        <li>@Html.ActionLink("UsersAdmin", "Index", "UsersAdmin")</li>
        <li>@Html.ActionLink("GroupsAdmin", "Index", "GroupsAdmin")</li>
    }
</ul>
@Html.Partial("_LoginPartial")
   
// ...Other View Code After...

Adding Views for the GroupsAdminController

We’re going to step through this fairly quickly, since there isn’t a lot of discussion needed around View template code. Obviously, we need a view for each of our GroupsAdminController action methods.

Since Visual Studio won’t generate quite what we need using the Add View Context Menu command, we’ll do this manually.

Add a folder to the Views directory named GroupsAdmin. Now add the following Views:

The GroupsAdmin Index.cshtml View:
@model IEnumerable<IdentitySample.Models.ApplicationGroup>
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
}
<h2>Index</h2>
<p>
    @Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create")
</p>
<table class="table">
    <tr>
        <th>
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Name)
        </th>
        <th>
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Description)
        </th>
        <th></th>
    </tr>
  
@foreach (var item in Model) {
    <tr>
        <td>
            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Name)
        </td>
        <td>
            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Description)
        </td>
        <td>
            @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id=item.Id }) |
            @Html.ActionLink("Details", "Details", new { id=item.Id }) |
            @Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id=item.Id })
        </td>
    </tr>
}
</table>
The GroupsAdmin Create.chtml View:
@model IdentitySample.Models.ApplicationGroup
  
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Create";
}
  
<h2>Create</h2>
@using (Html.BeginForm()) 
{
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
     
    <div class="form-horizontal">
        <h4>ApplicationGroup</h4>
        <hr />
        @Html.ValidationSummary(true)
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name)
            </div>
        </div>
  
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Description, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Description)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Description)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label class="col-md-2 control-label">
                Select Group Roles
            </label>
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @foreach (var item in (SelectList)ViewBag.RolesList)
                {
                    <div>
                        <input type="checkbox" name="SelectedRoles" value="@item.Text" class="checkbox-inline" />
                        @Html.Label(item.Text, new { @class = "control-label" })
                    </div>
                }
            </div>
        </div>
  
        <div class="form-group">
            <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
                <input type="submit" value="Create" class="btn btn-default" />
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
}
  
<div>
    @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index")
</div>
  
@section Scripts {
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jqueryval")
}
The GroupsAdmin Edit.cshtml View:
@model IdentitySample.Models.GroupViewModel
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Edit";
}
<h2>Edit</h2>
@using (Html.BeginForm())
{
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
     
    <div class="form-horizontal">
        <h4>ApplicationGroup</h4>
        <hr />
        @Html.ValidationSummary(true)
        @Html.HiddenFor(model => model.Id)
  
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Name)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name)
            </div>
        </div>
  
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Description, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
                @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Description)
                @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Description)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.Label("Permissions", new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <span class=" col-md-10">
                @foreach (var item in Model.RolesList)
                {
                    <div>
                        <input type="checkbox" name="selectedRoles" value="@item.Text" checked="@item.Selected" class="checkbox-inline" />
                        @Html.Label(item.Text, new { @class = "control-label" })
                    </div>
                }
            </span>
        </div>
  
        <div class="form-group">
            <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
                <input type="submit" value="Save" class="btn btn-default" />
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
}
  
<div>
    @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index")
</div>
  
@section Scripts {
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jqueryval")
}
The GroupsAdmin Details.cshtml View:
@model IdentitySample.Models.ApplicationGroup
  
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Details";
}
  
<h2>Details</h2>
  
<div>
    <h4>ApplicationGroup</h4>
    <hr />
    <dl class="dl-horizontal">
        <dt>
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Name)
        </dt>
  
        <dd>
            @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Name)
        </dd>
  
        <dt>
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Description)
        </dt>
  
        <dd>
            @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Description)
        </dd>
  
    </dl>
</div>
  
<h4>List of permissions granted this group</h4>
@if (ViewBag.PermissionsCount == 0)
{
    <hr />
    <p>No users found in this role.</p>
}
  
<table class="table">
  
    @foreach (var item in ViewBag.RolesList)
    {
        <tr>
            <td>
                @item
            </td>
        </tr>
    }
</table>
<p>
    @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id = Model.Id }) |
    @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index")
</p>
The GroupsAdmin Delete.cshtml View:
@model IdentitySample.Models.ApplicationGroup
  
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Delete";
}
  
<h2>Delete</h2>
  
<h3>Are you sure you want to delete this?</h3>
<div>
    <h4>ApplicationGroup</h4>
    <hr />
    <dl class="dl-horizontal">
        <dt>
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Name)
        </dt>
        <dd>
            @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Name)
        </dd>
        <dt>
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Description)
        </dt>
        <dd>
            @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Description)
        </dd>
    </dl>
  
    @using (Html.BeginForm()) {
        @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
  
        <div class="form-actions no-color">
            <input type="submit" value="Delete" class="btn btn-default" /> |
            @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index")
        </div>
    }
</div>

Updating the UserAdmin Views

We need to make a few minor changes to the UserAdmin Views. In the existing project, the UserAdmin Create and Edit Views allow us to assign Roles to the user. Instead, we want to assign the User to one or more Groups. Update the Create and Edit Views as follows:

Pay close attention when modifying the view code, and the names of Viewbag properties matter.

The Modified UserAdmin Create.cshtml View:
@model IdentitySample.Models.RegisterViewModel
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Create";
}
  
<h2>@ViewBag.Title.</h2>
  
@using (Html.BeginForm("Create", "UsersAdmin", FormMethod.Post, new { @class = "form-horizontal", role = "form" }))
{
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
    <h4>Create a new account.</h4>
    <hr />
    @Html.ValidationSummary("", new { @class = "text-error" })
    <div class="form-group">
        @Html.LabelFor(m => m.Email, new { @class = "col-md-2 control-label" })
        <div class="col-md-10">
            @Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.Email, new { @class = "form-control" })
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        @Html.LabelFor(m => m.Password, new { @class = "col-md-2 control-label" })
        <div class="col-md-10">
            @Html.PasswordFor(m => m.Password, new { @class = "form-control" })
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        @Html.LabelFor(m => m.ConfirmPassword, new { @class = "col-md-2 control-label" })
        <div class="col-md-10">
            @Html.PasswordFor(m => m.ConfirmPassword, new { @class = "form-control" })
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <label class="col-md-2 control-label">
            Select User Groups
        </label>
        <div class="col-md-10">
            @foreach (var item in (SelectList)ViewBag.GroupsList)
            {
                <div>
                    <input type="checkbox" name="selectedGroups" value="@item.Value" class="checkbox-inline" />
                    @Html.Label(item.Text, new { @class = "control-label" })
                </div>
            }
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form-group">
        <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
            <input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" value="Create" />
        </div>
    </div>
}
  
@section Scripts {
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jqueryval")
}

The highlighted area calls out the primary impacted code.

Next, we will similarly modify the UsersAdmin => Edit.cshtml file.

The Modified UsersAdmin Edit.cshtml View:
@model IdentitySample.Models.EditUserViewModel
  
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Edit";
}
  
<h2>Edit.</h2>
  
  
@using (Html.BeginForm()) {
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
  
    <div class="form-horizontal">
        <h4>Edit User Form.</h4>
        <hr />
        @Html.ValidationSummary(true)
        @Html.HiddenFor(model => model.Id)
  
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Email, new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <div class="col-md-10">
               @Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.Email, new { @class = "form-control" })
               @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Email)
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            @Html.Label("This User belongs to the following Groups", new { @class = "control-label col-md-2" })
            <span class=" col-md-10">
                @foreach (var item in Model.GroupsList)
                {
                    <div>
                        <input type="checkbox" name="selectedGroups" value="@item.Value" checked="@item.Selected" class="checkbox-inline" />
                        @Html.Label(item.Text, new { @class = "control-label" })
                    </div>
                }
            </span>
        </div>
  
        <div class="form-group">
            <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
                <input type="submit" value="Save" class="btn btn-default" />
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
}
  
<div>
    @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index")
</div>
  
@section Scripts {
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jqueryval")
}

The UsersAdmin Details.cshtml View displays a list of Roles assigned to the currently selected User. We will instead display a list of Groups:

The Modified UsersAdmin Details.cshtml View:
@model IdentitySample.Models.ApplicationUser
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Details";
}
  
<h2>Details.</h2>
  
<div>
    <h4>User</h4>
    <hr />
    <dl class="dl-horizontal">
        <dt>
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.UserName)
        </dt>
        <dd>
            @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.UserName)
        </dd>
    </dl>
</div>
<h4>List ofGroups this user belongs to:</h4>
@if (ViewBag.GroupNames.Count == 0)
{
    <hr />
    <p>No Groups found for this user.</p>
}
  
<table class="table">
    @foreach (var item in ViewBag.GroupNames)
    {
        <tr>
            <td>
                @item
            </td>
        </tr>
    }
</table>
<p>
    @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id = Model.Id }) |
    @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index")
</p>

Of course, there is more we could do with the Views in this project, and we could add a few more for displaying User effective permissions (the sum permissions a user holds by virtue of membership in the assigned Groups) for example. For now, though, we’ll just get things working, and then you can fine-tune things to the needs of your project.

Modify the Identity.Config File and the DbInitializer

In the previous project, when we set up Group-Based Permissions Management under Identity 1.0, we used EF Migrations to perform the database creation and Code-First generation. This time around, we are going to continue using the DbInitializer from the IdentitySamples project.

The ApplicationDbInitializer is defined in App_Start => IdentityConfig.cs. I have set it up for development purposes to inherit from DropCreateDatabaseAlways. However, you can easily change this to DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges.

Of course, we want our application to run with a basic configuration ready to go. Currently, the DbInitializer sets things up by creating a default User, an Admin Role, and then assigns the default user to that role.

We want to create the same default user, but then also create a default group. Then, we will create the default Admin role and assign it to the default group. Finally, we’ll add the user to that group.

Open the App_Start => Identity.Config file, and make the following changes to the InitializeIdentityForEF() Method in the ApplicationDbInitializer class:

The InitializeIdentityForEF Method:
public static void InitializeIdentityForEF(ApplicationDbContext db) {
    var userManager = HttpContext.Current
        .GetOwinContext().GetUserManager<ApplicationUserManager>();
    var roleManager = HttpContext.Current
        .GetOwinContext().Get<ApplicationRoleManager>();
    const string name = "admin@example.com";
    const string password = "Admin@123456";
    const string roleName = "Admin";
  
    //Create Role Admin if it does not exist
    var role = roleManager.FindByName(roleName);
    if (role == null) {
        role = new ApplicationRole(roleName);
        var roleresult = roleManager.Create(role);
    }
  
    var user = userManager.FindByName(name);
    if (user == null) {
        user = new ApplicationUser 
        { 
            UserName = name, 
            Email = name, 
            EmailConfirmed = true
        };
        var result = userManager.Create(user, password);
        result = userManager.SetLockoutEnabled(user.Id, false);
    }
  
    var groupManager = new ApplicationGroupManager();
    var newGroup = new ApplicationGroup("SuperAdmins", "Full Access to All");
  
    groupManager.CreateGroup(newGroup);
    groupManager.SetUserGroups(user.Id, new string[] { newGroup.Id });
    groupManager.SetGroupRoles(newGroup.Id, new string[] { role.Name });
}

With that, we should be ready to run the application.

Running the Application

Once we’ve started the application and logged in, we should be able to navigate through the various admin functions. To make things interesting, let’s add a few Roles, Groups, and Users and see what’s what:

If we have added some additional Roles, Users, and Groups, we begin to see how this might work in the context of a real-world application. Lets take two fictitious departments, Sales and Purchasing. We might have some Roles at a relatively granular level (perhaps, at the level of our basic controller Actions) for each function:

Basic Roles for Sales and Purchasing Departments

sales-purchasing-roles

Now, this, and our other views could most likely use some help from a designer, or at least some presentation controls which would allow for better groupings, or something. Nonetheless, we see we have added some Roles here which correspond roughly with hypothetical controller actions we might find on a CustomersController and a ProductsController (OK – we’re simplifying a little for the purpose of this example, but you get the idea).

Now, we might also define some Groups:

Basic Groups for Sales and Purchasing:

sales-purchasing-groups

Again, if we were worried about design aesthetics here, we might find our Groups management View a little lacking. But you can see that we have defined a few Groups related to the functions of the Sales and Purchasing departments.

Now, if we edit one of these groups, we can assign the appropriate Roles to the group:

Assigning Group Roles When Editing Group:

select-roles-for-group

Here, we have decided that users in the SalesAdmin Group should be able to add/edit/view/delete Customer data, as well as view (but not modify) product data.

Again, we might add some improvements to the display and grouping of the available roles here, but this works for demonstration purposes.

Now, if we save the SalesAdmin Group like this, we can then assign one or more users, who will then get all of the permissions associated with this group.

Creating a New User with Group Assignments:

create-user-with-group-assignments

Once we save, Jim will be a member of the SalesAdmin Group, and will have all of the Role permissions we assigned to that group.

Controlling Access with the [Authorize] Attribute

Of course, none of this does us any good if we don’t put these granular Role permissions to use.

First off, we probably want to add some access control to our GroupsAdminController itself. We might want to add an [Authorize] decoration to the entire controller, similar to the UserAdminController, so that only those with the Admin Role can modify Groups.

Beyond that, though, let’s expand upon our example above. Consider a hypothetical CustomersController. We might decorate the basic controller methods as follows, in keeping with the Roles we defined:

Hypothetical CustomersController:
public class CustomerController
{
    [Authorize(Roles = "CanViewCustomers")]
    public async ActionResult Index()
    {
        // Code...
    }
  
  
    [Authorize(Roles = "CanAddCustomers")]
    public async ActionResult Create()
    {
        // Code...
    }
  
  
    [HttpPost]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    [Authorize(Roles = "CanAddCustomers")]
    public async Task<ActionResult> Create(SomeArguments)
    {
        // Code...
    }
  
  
    [Authorize(Roles = "CanEditCustomers")]
    public async ActionResult Edit(int id)
    {
        // Code...
    }
  
  
    [HttpPost]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    [Authorize(Roles = "CanEditCustomers")]
    public async Task<ActionResult> Edit(SomeArguments)
    {
        // Code...
    }
  
  
    [Authorize(Roles = "CanDeleteCustomers")]
    public async Task<ActionResult> Delete(id)
    {
        // Code...
    }
  
  
    [HttpPost]
    [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
    [Authorize(Roles = "CanDeleteCustomers")]
    public async Task<ActionResult> Delete(SomeArguments)
    {
        // Code...
    }
}

We can see that we have now implemented some authorization control which corresponds to some of the Roles we defined. The roles themselves are not specific to any one type of user. instead, Roles can be assigned to different Groups. From there, it is a simple matter to add or remove users from one or more groups, depending upon their function and access requirements.

Some Thoughts on Authorization and Security

The concepts in this project are sort of a middle ground between the basic, but highly functional authorization mechanism offered by Identity 2.0 out of the box, and more complex implementations using Claims or Active Directory.

The system illustrated here will afford a more granular control over Roles and Authorization to access and execute code. However, there is a practical limit.

Designing a robust application authorization matrix requires careful thought, and choosing the correct tools (as with most things in development). Planning carefully upfront will go a long ways towards helping you create a solid, maintainable application.

If you get too fine-grained in your Authorizations and Role definitions, you will have a difficult to manage mess. Not going granular enough results in a clunky, limited authorization scheme where you may find yourself giving users too much or too little access.

Errata, Ideas, and Pull Requests

It is entirely possible I have missed something in putting the code together for this article. Also, as noted, there is plenty of room for improvement in the design here. If you find something broken, have an idea to improve the concept, or (Especially) would like to improve the Views with respect to organizing Roles, Groups, etc, please open an issue or send me a Pull Request.

Additional Resources and Items of Interest

Related Articles

C#
C#: Avoiding Performance Issues with Inserts in SQLite
CodeProject
Installing and Using SQLite on Windows
ASP.Net
ASP.NET MVC: Show Busy Indicator on Form Submit using JQuery and Ajax

Comments

  • Frank

    FrankFrank

    Author Reply

    Thanks for the posting! It’s been a while since this article was written and identity has marched ahead over time and broken this setup. Would you be considering an update? Specifically when modifying current identity files, ApplicationDbContext is not liking the type casted to it.

  • PMH

    PMHPMH

    Author Reply

    Is there a recent article with latest identity provider from ASP.NET Core 2.0?

  • Mike

    MikeMike

    Author Reply

    Getting this error…

    Line 144: user = new ApplicationUser { UserName = name, Email = name, EmailConfirmed = true };
    Line 145: var result = userManager.Create(user, password);
    Line 146: result = userManager.SetLockoutEnabled(user.Id, false);
    Line 147:
    Line 148: }

    [InvalidOperationException: UserId not found.]
    Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.d__13c.MoveNext() +922
    System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) +99
    System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) +61
    Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.AsyncHelper.RunSync(Func`1 func) +281
    Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.UserManagerExtensions.SetLockoutEnabled(UserManager`2 manager, TKey userId, Boolean enabled) +114
    ZerothApp.ApplicationDbInitializer.InitializeIdentityForEF(ApplicationDbContext db) in C:\dev\ZerothApp\ZerothApp\App_Start\IdentityConfig.cs:146
    ZerothApp.ApplicationDbInitializer.Seed(ApplicationDbContext context) in C:\dev\ZerothApp\ZerothApp\App_Start\IdentityConfig.cs:120
    System.Data.Entity.DropCreateDatabaseAlways`1.InitializeDatabase(TContext context) +113
    System.Data.Entity.Internal.c__DisplayClassf`1.b__e() +76
    System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext.PerformInitializationAction(Action action) +60
    System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext.PerformDatabaseInitialization() +395
    System.Data.Entity.Internal.LazyInternalContext.b__4(InternalContext c) +11
    System.Data.Entity.Internal.RetryAction`1.PerformAction(TInput input) +110
    System.Data.Entity.Internal.LazyInternalContext.InitializeDatabaseAction(Action`1 action) +214
    System.Data.Entity.Internal.LazyInternalContext.InitializeDatabase() +97
    System.Data.Entity.Internal.InternalContext.GetEntitySetAndBaseTypeForType(Type entityType) +28
    System.Data.Entity.Internal.Linq.InternalSet`1.Initialize() +53
    System.Data.Entity.Internal.Linq.InternalSet`1.get_InternalContext() +16
    System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DbQuery`1.System.Linq.IQueryable.get_Provider() +39
    System.Data.Entity.QueryableExtensions.FirstOrDefaultAsync(IQueryable`1 source, Expression`1 predicate, CancellationToken cancellationToken) +154
    System.Data.Entity.QueryableExtensions.FirstOrDefaultAsync(IQueryable`1 source, Expression`1 predicate) +163
    Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.d__6c.MoveNext() +482
    System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) +99
    System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) +61
    System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter`1.GetResult() +28
    ZerothApp.Controllers.d__11.MoveNext() in C:\dev\ZerothApp\ZerothApp\Controllers\AccountController.cs:79
    System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) +99
    System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) +61
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.TaskAsyncActionDescriptor.EndExecute(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +97
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.c__DisplayClass37.b__36(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +17
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResult`1.CallEndDelegate(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +10
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResultBase`1.End() +49
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.AsyncControllerActionInvoker.EndInvokeActionMethod(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +32
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.AsyncInvocationWithFilters.b__3d() +50
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.c__DisplayClass46.b__3f() +228
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.c__DisplayClass33.b__32(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +10
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResult`1.CallEndDelegate(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +10
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResultBase`1.End() +49
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.AsyncControllerActionInvoker.EndInvokeActionMethodWithFilters(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +34
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.c__DisplayClass2b.b__1c() +26
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.c__DisplayClass21.b__1e(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +100
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResult`1.CallEndDelegate(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +10
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResultBase`1.End() +49
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.AsyncControllerActionInvoker.EndInvokeAction(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +27
    System.Web.Mvc.Controller.b__1d(IAsyncResult asyncResult, ExecuteCoreState innerState) +13
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncVoid`1.CallEndDelegate(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +29
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResultBase`1.End() +49
    System.Web.Mvc.Controller.EndExecuteCore(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +36
    System.Web.Mvc.Controller.b__15(IAsyncResult asyncResult, Controller controller) +12
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncVoid`1.CallEndDelegate(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +22
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResultBase`1.End() +49
    System.Web.Mvc.Controller.EndExecute(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +26
    System.Web.Mvc.Controller.System.Web.Mvc.Async.IAsyncController.EndExecute(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +10
    System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.b__5(IAsyncResult asyncResult, ProcessRequestState innerState) +21
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncVoid`1.CallEndDelegate(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +29
    System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResultBase`1.End() +49
    System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.EndProcessRequest(IAsyncResult asyncResult) +28
    System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.System.Web.IHttpAsyncHandler.EndProcessRequest(IAsyncResult result) +9
    System.Web.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() +9748665
    System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStepImpl(IExecutionStep step) +48
    System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) +159

  • Nico

    NicoNico

    Author Reply

    This tutorial has helped me a lot in getting started somewhere using groups instead of roles. Thank you so much sir. Nothing else on the web better as far as I know because I did a lot of searches on this topic.

  • sage

    sagesage

    Author Reply

    When I tried to create a new user, I got this error.

    Object reference not set to an instance of an object

    Line 35:
    Line 36:
    Line 37: @foreach (var item in (SelectList)ViewBag.GroupsList)
    Line 38: {
    Line 39:

    Source File: c:\Users\nestlab-alpha\Documents\Visual Studio 2015\Projects\Nsuk\Nsuk\Views\UsersAdmin\Create.cshtml Line: 37

  • Loai Alhalabi

    Loai AlhalabiLoai Alhalabi

    Author Reply

    Hi, Thanks for this Good Article ,

    is it avaiable that i add role to a user that not including in his Group, for Example i want to add RoleX Which is in GroupX , the User only have Group for GroupY .

    is that available in this Article ?

  • John

    JohnJohn

    Author Reply

    Hello,
    When attempting to add a new property to user I have these errors.
    Any ideas?
    Thank you for so much help.

    —
    MyProject.Context.ApplicationUserLogin: : EntityType ‘ApplicationUserLogin’ has no defined key. Set the key to this EntityType.

    MyProject.Context.ApplicationUserRole: : EntityType ‘ApplicationUserRole’ has no defined key. Set the key to this EntityType.

    ApplicationUserLogins: EntityType: EntitySet ‘ApplicationUserLogins’ is based on type ‘ApplicationUserLogin’ has no defined keys.

    ApplicationUserRoles: EntityType: EntitySet ‘ApplicationUserRoles’ is based on type ‘ApplicationUserRole’ has no defined keys.
    —

    Hugs from Chile.

  • John

    JohnJohn

    Author Reply

    You can not imagine how much this has helped me. Thank you very much!.
    Hugs from Chile.

    • John Atten

      John AttenJohn Atten

      Author Reply

      Thank you for taking the time to comment! Hugs back from the States! Glad it helped! :-)

  • Amin

    AminAmin

    Author Reply

    the method does not return roles and users for a group:

    public virtual Task GetByIdAsync(object id)
    {
    return this.DbEntitySet.FindAsync(new object[] { id });
    }

  • Alex

    AlexAlex

    Author Reply

    I used your project to apply it to my project. there is a wired issue in getting group’s roles when I want to edit a group. when I click the edit link for a group, roles and users that related to the current group are not load and it causes error in calling post edit action. It raise error to add or remove a role to a group.

    • John Atten

      John AttenJohn Atten

      Author Reply

      Interesting…I ran all of this code when I wrote the article, however, things have changed since then. I’ll try to make some time to investigate further. Thanks for the heads up!

  • Handy

    HandyHandy

    Author Reply

    any update how to do this with asp.net core with identity 3 ?

  • Collins

    CollinsCollins

    Author Reply

    Many thanks for your excellent work!

  • krishna

    krishnakrishna

    Author Reply

    Hi John,
    Thank you very much for step by step explanation. I am trying to implement similar to this, restricting users based on roles for different modules. Users will have different roles for different Modules.
    I have few questions, although you have created groups and added users and roles to groups. How these Groups will be useful with out Authorising Action methods by Groups rather than roles.
    You are only restricting by roles which we can do without any groups?
    Created groups , added users and roles but should we use groups?
    Is it possible to Authorise user with Groups? For that do we have to create custom attribute?

    Thanks

    • John Atten

      John AttenJohn Atten

      Author Reply

      To do that you would need to create your own custom implementation of the [Authorize] attribute. For what I was doing at the time, I didn;t need that – this was a quick and dirty way to basically assign multiple roles (“permissions”) to a user, simply by adding them to a group (or, to assign/remove roles from multiple users by adding/removing from the group). I didn;t go as far as adding the group-based Authorize attribute, but you could. I think there’s a PR from someone on the github repo that does that (look in the issues list).

      • Krishna

        KrishnaKrishna

        Author Reply

        Thanks John. Will check out GitHub.

  • Vamshi

    VamshiVamshi

    Author Reply

    Hi John,
    This is excellent post.
    Thank you very much for step by step explanation. I am trying to implement similar to this, restricting users based on roles for different modules.Users will have different roles for different modules.
    I have few questions, although you have created groups and added users and roles to groups. How these Groups will be useful with out Authorising Action methods by Groups rather than roles.
    You are only restricting by roles which we can do without any groups?
    Created groups , added users and roles but how we should use?
    Is it possible to user Authorise with Groups?
    Please correct me if I am wrong.
    Thanks

  • ZnSstr

    ZnSstrZnSstr

    Author Reply

    Thank you very much for the this series with Identity. I am trying to learn MVC and your blog helps me a lot. At first web dev was a dirty field for me, but once I discovered web forms it got my interest but MVC is the way to go(for me). I remember when I tried to use Identity with Web Forms and I was kinda lacking time to search for some documentation and learn step by step. I ended finishing the project with basic roles that are provided by web forms, I was kinda pissed off I couldn’t do it in a better way, but now I understand how this things works, gonna wrap my mind with some personal projects, I need more errors to learn properly this great stuff, for instance modelBuilder is quite killing me if its gets complex.

    Gonna keep digging your serie with Katana and Owin. Thank you for your great work.

  • Arviy

    ArviyArviy

    Author Reply

    Thanks for writing the article, But I’m a bit confused whether the concept of role has been used correctly, Usually for implementing an activity based permission we use claims, but here you have used roles representing permissions (like a role : CanRead).
    CanRead is basically not a role, a role should be something like SalesManager, Admin and a role can have a list of claims/permissions.
    I like your implementation but the concepts are a bit twisted.

    • John Atten

      John AttenJohn Atten

      Author Reply

      Yeah…as I point out in the article, I am explicitly abusing the Identity system, and doing precisely what you say – treating ROles as “permissions” instead of the standard you indicate. The solution was/is a bit of a hack. In the scenario I was trying to address at the time, I needed to be able to model sets of “permissions” which would be available to different “groups” of users.

      It’s less than ideal for overly complex scenarios, and also since the article it has become easier to implement claims-based auth, which to me is a superior solution.

      At the time though, I needed a quick-and-dirty hack, and this was it.

      You may be getting a little too hung up on semantics, and architectural patterns here. Need a quick and dirty implementation of “users” and “groups”? Within limits, this might serve your needs. Need a patterns-based, semantically correct, architecturally school-book demo application? This is probably not what you’re looking for.

  • Ionna

    IonnaIonna

    Author Reply

    Hello,

    I am very grateful for this tutorial! It helps a lot clarifying some aspects in my mind. I do encounter a problem, though, and I would like to ask for your help: I use Code First Migrations and whenever I try to update the database I get the following error in my ApplicationGroupManager constructor:

    System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
    at System.Web.HttpContextExtensions.GetOwinEnvironment(HttpContext context)
    at System.Web.HttpContextExtensions.GetOwinContext(HttpContext context)

    What can I do about it? Should I pass the ApplicationDbContext as a parameter to this constructor? And if I do that, how can I deal with all the other errors at initializing these variables:

    private ApplicationGroupStore _groupStore;
    private ApplicationDbContext _db;
    private ApplicationUserManager _userManager;
    private ApplicationRoleManager _roleManager; ?

    Your suggestions will be highly appreciated!

    Thank you very much!

    • John Atten

      John AttenJohn Atten

      Author Reply

      It’s been a while since I worked with this, and I’m not certain there haven’t been changes in the framework which may require some adaptation in the code. I won’t be able to dig into this until the weekend. I memory serves, though, take a look at the IdentityConfig and Startup.auth classes, and see if there is something amiss there.

      Which version of ASP.NET are you using? And are you using Identity 2.0?

  • John Atten

    John AttenJohn Atten

    Author Reply

    @Barry Schneider –

    I Assume you mean, once you create a new role, how do you add it to the various [Authorize] attributes so that you can use if to secure your application?

    I've considered potential ways to do this, and all of them are a little lacking.

    The system described in this post is really supposed to be a middle-ground between the simplicity of the out-of-the-box Identity 2.0 experience, and a more complex system such as a claims-based system, or integration with Active Directory.

    I'd be interested in seeing anyone's thoughts on this, and of course, I will happily take pull requests. Meanwhile, if I find a solution that works and doesn't compromise security, I'll update.

    I did have the thought that one could load up a dictionary with the various role names, and then find some way using reflection to manage assignment to the various controllers or action methods. However, this becomes complex and messy, and likely at this point you will benefit greatly from migrating to a more robust security implementation instead of rolling your own.

  • Yosvani

    YosvaniYosvani

    Author Reply

    I like working in applications, it liked to do now is to apply all that I raise in this example in a corporate application, I will do some simple examples applying what his example be like me is, if you want and so we help all me provide an email or something to send the source code for everything you do, it would be a simple application of 2 or 3 more tables.

    If you have any example of that kind and I could give out best worst I think I'm asking way too.

    Greetings and I think set in style from now on …

    I am Computer Engineer Graduate in Cuba and I'm starting in MVC5, since before programming in the Visual Studio 2008 Web Pages aspx but reading and learning from those who know the future is the MVC.
    If anyone has a complete example with styles, masterpage that can help me start this is my mail yosvaniumpierre@yahoo.es

    greetings

    I Speak Spanish

  • Yosvani

    YosvaniYosvani

    Author Reply

    Thanks for the help, what I did was to create a variable in the <appSettings> <add key = "bd" value = "true" />
    true or false value and modify this sealine
    static ApplicationDbContext ()
    {

    if (ConfigurationManager.AppSettings ["db"] == "true")
    {

    Database.SetInitializer <ApplicationDbContext> (new ApplicationDbInitializer ());
    }
    }

    So I get that when bd is true creates the data base and put false when not created.

    So what I can manage from the webconfig.

    greetings

  • Barry Schneider

    Barry SchneiderBarry Schneider

    Author Reply

    I wanted to thank you for a great series of posts on Identity 2.

    My question is how can roles be dynamically applied to controllers?

    If we are creating roles via the web UI, we should also be able to assign those roles to specific controllers via the UI.

  • John Atten

    John AttenJohn Atten

    Author Reply

    In the IdentityConfig file, change the ApplicationDbInitializer to inherit from DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges instead of DropCreateDatabaseAlways

  • Yosvani

    YosvaniYosvani

    Author Reply

    Download the example of github and everything worked me well, I have only one question, whenever I run the program I created new data base and all the data you've created are lost.

    Is there any way to only create the Data Base with the data the first time after the system and see if the database is created and if created then do nothing with it will not lose the data. in previous examples I've seen it done well to the data was lost.

    excuse my ignorance but I think it's great that everything done.

    Hopefully Answer.

    Sorry I do not speak English only Spanish.

    Greetings

  • Carlos Gaviria

    Carlos GaviriaCarlos Gaviria

    Author Reply

    How to get current user outside controller? i'm using SignalR class and i need to get the username but i dont know how do that.

    PD: Sorry for my english skill, Greetings from colombia :p

  • Carlos Gaviria

    Carlos GaviriaCarlos Gaviria

    Author Reply

    Thanks You Sr, You are the real mvp.

  • jatten

    jattenjatten

    Author Reply

    You could do this by creating your own custom implementation of the Authorize attribute, but to what end?

    If you take this approach, you might as well go back to using simple Users and Roles…

  • Rodrigo

    RodrigoRodrigo

    Author Reply

    Thanks for this great article

    How use Authorize by Group? not by role

    [Authorize(Group = "Admin")]

  • Ibrahim Shaib

    Ibrahim ShaibIbrahim Shaib

    Author Reply

    Thanks for this great article. I've been following up on all your articles on this subject. Thanks for sharing once again.

  • John Atten

    John AttenJohn Atten

    Author Reply

    @Ammar –

    Indeed, I did. Thanks! I'll need to update that.

    Cheers! :-)

  • Ammar Rizvi

    Ammar RizviAmmar Rizvi

    Author Reply

    Hi John,
    Thanks for the great article. Last evening only i checked this website but this article was not there so i just improvised a huge cup of coffee and sat tight to write something very much similar. Yours however is much more organized and hence i overwrote mine.
    Just a small correction: while going through it I found:
    In GroupViewModel constructor, do you mean RolesList in place of PermissionList?

    Regards..

  • John Atten

    John AttenJohn Atten

    Author Reply

    @Kosti –

    Your background is almost identical to mine. These days I have les and less time to tinker at work, but fortunately I was able to do so for a few years, and grow my know-how!

    My modern coding education began similarly, by hacking about in MS Access databases and (ugh) VBA code.

    Thanks for taking the time to comment! :-)

  • kosti

    kostikosti

    Author Reply

    Hi John,

    I really appreciate these articles you have written.

    I am a hobbyist programmer who is fortunate enough to be in a position for tinkering away at writing line of business apps even though I do not work in IT.

    I have recently been tasked with rewriting all our old Microsoft Access reports and queries by migrating them to something more modern. Your articles have helped me have a good foundation to build a suite of internal web apps my business requires.

    Keep up the great work and I look forward to future articles.